Jefferson Lab has established the Biomedical Research & Innovation Center (BRIC) to be a central hub for transitioning research and technology from nuclear and particle physics to biological and health-related fields, including: novel cancer treatments, medical imaging, environmental monitoring, plant biology, and radiation detection and therapy. Jefferson Lab researchers partner with...
Integrated science and technology efforts in the field of controlled thermonuclear fusion are directed towards the construction and operation of a rector-class machine for electricity production. In the interdisciplinary world of fusion research, the role of particle accelerators is at least five-fold: (i) provision of nuclear data for ion-material interactions; (ii) ion beam analysis (IBA)...
X-ray irradiation offers several advantages compared to other irradiation technologies including superior penetrating quality compared to electron beams. These advantages make X-ray targets key components in a broad range of industrial applications including food irradiation, sterilization of medical devices, and non-destructive testing, among others. However, the low electron to X-ray...
The long, prohibitively expensive procedures for licensing a nuclear fission-based power plant can be replaced by 1) using accelerator-driven subcritical modular reactors that never contain a critical mass and 2) continuously removing volatile fission products from the molten salt reactors so that any accidental releases are insignificant. Mu*STAR Nuclear Power plants, composed of upgradable...
For 50 years, TRIUMF has stood at the frontier of scientific understanding as Canada’s Particle Accelerator Centre. Driven by two made-in-Canada cutting edge accelerators - the world’s largest cyclotron, and our new high-power superconducting linear accelerator - we continue to ask the big questions about the origins of the universe and everything in it.
With over five decades of...
Energetic particle irradiation creates a multitude of metastable defects through atomic displacements in lattice structure and/or excitations/ionizations in electronic configurations of a material. These defects are then responsible for the microstructural evolution and property changes of the material, which often come down to a balance of kinetic processes that determine whether the material...
Accelerator applications generate substantial socio-economic impact across a broad range of topics and challenges of global importance. However, while accelerator investments require direct monetary contributions from a discrete number of investors, resulting socio-economic benefits are often broadly distributed and not naturally monetized. Hence, the return on investment in accelerators is...
The Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System (ATLAS) at Argonne National Laboratory is a heavy ion linac that can accelerate beams of all stable ions from hydrogen to uranium and many radioactive isotopes. ATLAS has the flexibility to deliver accelerated beams to several end stations with a wide range of energies and beam currents, and it is now in the process of upgrading to a multi-user...
This talk introduces a new class of simple, turn-key superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerators for broad use in industrial applications. Leveraging recent R&D breakthroughs in high-temperature SRF cavities, cost-effective radio-frequency sources, modern cryo-coolers, and high average current electron guns, Fermilab is building an accelerator based on the Nb3Sn coated 1.3 GHz TESLA...
Ion accelerators are commonly used to simulate the effects of radiation damage in nuclear materials and when coupled to a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) one can follow the dynamics of radiation damage, precipitation, formation of gas bubbles, etc at a microscopic scale in almost real-time. Therefore, in principle, one can develop a detailed picture of radiation damage buildup in a...
The high brilliance Variable Energy GAmma (VEGA) System under implementation at Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) in Romania, uses a storage ring as an Inverse Compton Scattering (ICS) source. The storage ring is filled by a warm linear accelerator with a maximum energy of 800 MeV. A laser system drives a high-finesse optical cavity to resonantly build-up pulsed laser...
The screwworm eradication program is the first example of using ionizing radiation to sterilize insects for pest control. This USDA program resulted in the elimination of the primary screwworm from North America. The program was executed using Cs 137 or Co 60 to sterilize flies. However, there is considerable interest in moving toward eBeam or Xray based methods for sterilizing flies, due to...
Ion beam study of plasma interactions with materials in fusion reactors
N. Catarino1, M. Dias1, R. Mateus1, J. Likonen2, A. Widdowson3, E. Alves1
1IPFN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
2VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Finlan
3UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon,...
Staff at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), at the request of the Office of Radiological Security (ORS) within the U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), identified impediments for those companies desiring to transition from cobalt-60 to an accelerator technology for processing product. One of those impediments identified was a dose simulation software tool that was...
Due to their unique analytical and irradiation capabilities, ion beam accelerators play a major role in solving problems of modern society related to environmental pollution and monitoring, climate change, water and air quality, forensics, cultural heritage, agriculture, development of advanced materials for energy production via fission or fusion, and many other fields. Moreover, particle...
High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs) are an exciting class of materials formed by mixing 5 or more elements and can poses superior high temperature mechanical properties along with excellent irradiation and corrosion resistance. The superior radiation resistance of multicomponent HEAs can be attributed to the sluggish mobility of dislocation loops, formation of fewer voids as well as self-healing...
Radiation is currently being exploited to modify polymers in order to improve properties for various applications. This study thoroughly examines the effects of high energy electron beam irradiation (10 MeV) on low density polyethylene (LDPE) material. LDPE was subjected to a broad range of doses ranging between 10 and 300 kGy at room temperature under different conditions. Extensive...
S. Fazinić, T. Tadić, I. Bogdanović Radović, I. Božičević Mihalić, D.D. Cosic, T. Dunatov, M. Jakšić, G. Provatas, Z. Siketić, M. Vićentijević
Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c.54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Through the Laboratory for Ion Beam Interactions, the Division of Experimental Physics of the Rudjer Boskovic Institute (RBI) operates and maintains the Tandem Accelerators Facility...
Although medical devices are sterilized in Argentina using ionizing radiation, electrons beams sterilization is of great interest. This is partly due to the lack of knowledge regarding their comparative effects on materials (primarily polymers). Thus, the objective of this work is to study the effect of both radiation sources: gamma rays (60Co) and electrons beams on the polymers...
CNAO is one of the four centres in Europe, and six worldwide, offering treatment of tumours with both protons and carbon ions. Besides clinical activity, CNAO has also research and education as institutional purposes and for this reason in addition to the three treatment rooms, the CNAO center is equipped with an “experimental room” dedicated to experimental activities, which is also available...
Ion beam irradiation has the potential to be used as a surrogate for neutron irradiation of candidate core structural materials. Ion beam irradiation offers materials damage levels not accessible by neutron irradiation in test reactors due to time and cost constraints. However, a reproducible ion beam irradiation experiment requires close control of irradiation parameters and conditions, such...
Polymers are inevitably used for many medical applications and devices. Development of the polymeric materials over the recent decades provided valuable commodity materials to be used in different medical applications such as single-use medical devices, implants, drug delivery and packaging systems because of their versatility and economic advantages and their ability to withstand...
Radiation Sterilization Center of Ural Federal University working from 2015 in industrial area for sterilization of medical goods and processing of polymer materials. Linear accelerator produced by “Corad” company with 10 MeV E-beam energy and 1 mA current allow to irradiate about 50000 m3 of different production per year. One of the critical parts of LINAC is waveguide input/output window...
Accelerator driven neutron sources with high brilliance neutron provision present an attractive alternative to classical neutron sources of fission reactors and spallation sources to provide neutrons for science and indsutry. With the availability of high current proton accelerator systems, a novel class of such neutron facilities can be established termed High-Current Accelerator-driven...
The negative hydrogen ion is the work horse ion in terms of medical radioisotope production world wide. This paper shall discuss latest developments in Penning ion source developments for cyclotrons utilizing internally produced H‾, largely for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radioisotopes. In addition, evolution of the volume-cusp type ion source designs for H‾ production external to...
Cultural heritage objects serve as invaluable links to our past, offering profound insights into human history, art, and civilizations. Preserving and understanding these artifacts requires non-invasive analytical methods capable of revealing their material composition and degradation mechanisms. Ion beam analysis (IBA) has emerged as a crucial field, bridging science and cultural heritage...
Nuclear analytical techniques (NAT), and in particular accelerator-based techniques such as Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) for elemental and molecular analysis and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) for radiocarbon dating, have long been applied to cultural heritage forensics, involving the characterization, authentication, and dating of artefacts. Nevertheless, there is still a considerable gap...
Neutron sources are the important experimental platform for the R&D of advanced nuclear energy systems, especially for the development for fusion systems. Series High Intensity Steady Neutron Sources (HINEG), comprising three phases(HINEG-I, HINEG-II, and HINEG-III), have been developed in China for different missions including neutronics design validation, materials & components irradiation...
A laser ion source is well-known as a high current and high charge state heavy ion source using laser ablation of solid materials. This is the only type of an ion source capable of producing ampere-class heavy ion beam using compact and simple ion source structure. However, it is difficult to transport and inject such a high current beam into the first stage accelerator, typically a radio...
At LANSCE, we are developing a new technique for measuring our H- beam energy by examining the decay photon spectrum distribution following neutralization. The photons emitted during the decay have well-known discrete energies. Therefore, the Doppler shift of their wavelength reveals the speed of the particles they came from, which allows for the precise calculation of beam energy. This method...
For advanced shielding design of high energy electron accelerators such as ILC, accuracy of nuclear model and data base used in the theoretical simulations should be validated with the experimental data. For this purpose, shielding experiment of secondary neutrons and muons generated from the beam dump was performed using 2.2, 4.3, 6.4 and 8.45 GeV electron beams at JLAB. The beam dump...
Non-destructive analysis techniques became an important approach for the characterization of cultural heritage and conservation science. In this study, for the first time, Synchrotron-based X-ray Fluorescence (SRXRF) analysis, at the Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East (SESAME), was utilized to examine and analyze three Byzantine plaster figurines...
The design and construction of an 0.8 A, 300 kV accelerator of posive hydrogen ions is presented. This system consists of an RF positive ion source with AlN discharge chamber, and uses a multi-aperture four electrode extraction system for ion beam generation. Six 50 kV power supplies, connected in series, can produce 300 kV for beam acceleration.
Radiation sources based on compact accelerators hold significant promise for detecting illicit transport of nuclear materials and contraband, and for advancing global nonproliferation objectives, including nuclear safeguards and treaty verification. This talk will discuss several recent developments that exemplify how the characteristics of compact accelerator-driven radiation sources,...
The recently evolved U4 upgrade of the single-pass RF linac driver for IFE [1] is based on Basko’s assessments of the requirements for stable compression, fast ignition, and high-gain fusion burn of large cylindrical fuel pellets [2]. Basko’s simulations use the beams of Koshkarev’s driver [3]: 100 GeV Bi for compression and eight, telescoping Pt beams for fast ignition: four Pt isotopes in...
There is a growing demand in industrial and research communities for a laboratory-scale high-brightness light sources, in a wide range of applications. At high average powers such sources are needed for industrial processing, at moderate powers – mostly for metrology, and at a lower power for qualification, inspection, testing, and R&D. Inverse Compton Scattering (ICS) is one very promising...
We will present the design of a compact, highly efficient 9.3 GHz linac with pulse-to-pulse tunable output energy. This linac will produce of up to 500 W of 10 MeV electron beam power for medical and security applications. The novel feature of this linac is its patented traveling wave accelerating structure. This structure combines the benefits of high efficiency with the ability to vary the...
The Second Target Station (STS) facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Spallation Neutron Source will receive a 700 kW, 1.3 GeV proton beam with a pulse frequency of 15 Hz, delivered by the Ring to Second Target Beam Transport (RTST). Spanning approximately 220 meters, the RTST includes 56 quadrupole magnets and 15 dipole magnets. According to the STS Project Radiation Safety Policy and...
The use of electronic brachytherapy (EB) has grown rapidly over the past decade. It is gaining significant interest from the global medical community as an improved user-friendly technology to reduce the usage of Ir-192. However, the present EB machines all use electron beams at energies of 100 kV or less to generate the X-ray photons, which limits their use to low dose-rate brachytherapy. We...
Details and engineering challenges of the Compact X-Ray Light Source (CXLS) at ASU are described. The CXLS achieves x-ray photons with energies in the range of 6-20 keV by using Inverse Compton Scattering (ICS) where the electron beam interacts with a powerful laser instead of the traditional magnetic undulator. The short wavelength of the laser relative to a magnetic undulator reduces the...
Madison Accelerator Laboratory (MAL) is a unique electron/bremsstrahlung facility on the campus of James Madison University. The facility features a medical electron linear accelerator (linac), an X-ray imaging system, and a suite of particle detection instrumentation. The Siemens Mevatron linac produces electron beams with energies from 6-15 MeV and bremsstrahlung photon beams with endpoint...
Chirped pulse amplification (CPA) laser systems, exemplified by the Advanced Titanium-Sapphire Laser (ATLAS) operated in the Centre for Advanced Laser Applications (CALA) at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, are capable of generating laser pulses with Petawatt peak power and ~30 fs duration. When focused tightly onto targets, typically (sub-)micrometer thin foils, these pulses...
The cross-sections for the interaction of protons with isotopes of elements from C to Cu were obtained at energies from the reaction threshold to 200 MeV. The work included calculations using different models and computer codes, ALICE, CEM, PHITS, and TAYLS, analysis of experimental data, and evaluation of cross sections.
All types of experimental data were applied to correct calculated...
The focus of this research work is to determine experimentally the ground state reaction rates for eight photoneutron reactions proposed to be investigated via photon-induced activation at the Madison Accelerator Laboratory (MAL), a unique bremsstrahlung facility on the campus of James Madison University, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The eight photoneutron reactions are – 64Zn(γ,n), 70Ge(γ,n),...
TRIUMF’s 30 MeV electron linac is transitioning from a commissioning operation to a user operation. The machine’s main user is ARIEL, which will be ready to take beam in 2026. But as of today, more users are upcoming, giving the machine the possibility to support scientific and medical experiments. Those upcoming users require modifications to the existing machine in order to support the...
Accurate modeling of neutron induced capture γ-ray production is essential for many applications such as understanding γ-ray heating in critical systems, shielding calculations, nuclear medicine, particle physics experiments and active neutron interrogation. To determine the accuracy of nuclear data evaluations and simulation tools used to transport thermal neutron capture γ-ray cascades, the...
Brilliant x-ray sources including coherent free electron lasers at energies up to keVs, and incoherent monoenergetic Compton scattering sources at MeV energies and beyond have revolutionized a broad range of science from materials to nuclear signatures. Such sources require linacs at GeV to tens of GeV energies, and technologies to make such accelerators smaller have the potential to both...
Neutron scattering has proven to be one of the most powerful methods for the investigation of structure and dynamics of condensed matter on atomic length and time scales. Neutron techniques have a broad range of applications in physics, chemistry, magnetism and superconductivity, material sciences, cultural heritage, biology, soft matter, health, and environmental and climate science. With the...
Photonuclear reaction data are important for a variety of applications, from isotope production for medicine to radiation shielding to understanding astrophysical nucleosynthesis. Yet cross sections of photonuclear reactions for many species are not well known. Of the 286 combined stable and primordially stable (t1/2 > 7 x 108 yr) isotopes that exist, only a small fraction (approx. 10%) of the...
Superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) accelerators are critical to scientific facilities across the world. These accelerators require large liquid helium cooling plants to maintain the extremely low temperatures necessary for their operation, resulting in high capital and operating expenses. Recently, researchers at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF) and General Atomics (GA)...
A compact RF linac design has been developed for an Accelerator Driven System (ADS). The linac is about 150 meters long and comprises a radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and 20 superconducting RF cryomodules. Three types of half-wave cavities and two types of elliptical cavities have been designed and optimized for high performance at the frequencies of 162.5, 325 and 650 MHz. The lattice was...
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC) intends to switch the existing Co-60 irradiation facility to an e-beam X-ray 5-7Mev machine, due to security of Co-60 supply as well as increasing prices and the complexity of transportation to the unstable region (Middle East), which has been an issue in recent years. several national stakeholders are generally financially supportive to the switching...
With the development of radiation techniques, attempts were made to use both gamma radiation and electron beam radiation for the disinfection of various types of historical objects that were inhabited by microorganisms or insects, which ended up causing the objects' destruction. . However, these technologies suffer from some limits as total dose and dose rate can influence the efficient...
At the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) pursues an unprecedented effort to push further the frontiers of physics. Both the accelerator and its four detectors (ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, LHCb) collectively form a one-of-a-kind advanced technological system capable of producing and recording the most energetic particle collisions ever achieved under...
Due to the growing demands for medical device supplies in the world today, more effective, and efficient techniques for sterilization are currently being evaluated. Sterilization based on ionizing radiation is a widely used method globally for reducing disease-causing microorganisms in healthcare products. Currently, the Philippines is entering the market for radiation sterilization as the...
The shielding capabilities of five different glass systems, namely 60TeO$_2$–(30-x)ZnO–5Bi$_2$O$_3$–5TiO$_2$-xB$_2$O$_3$, where x varies from 0 to 10 mol\%, against photons, protons, alpha particles, neutrons, and carbon ions were investigated. The study involved the theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulations of various shielding parameters such as attenuation coefficients, mean free...
A 5SDH Tandem Pelletron accelerator was commissioned at the Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission in 1999. It was to promote the use of ion beam analysis techniques (IBA) among the local scientific community for their research studies, as well as to perform collaborative projects with different potential users and collaborators from abroad. Many IBA applications have been done in cultural...
There's no industry without energy. There's no environment without clean energy. Renewables are too little too late--and they are much less than fully green. Moreover, renewable energy is not cheap—merely competitive amid high energy prices. HIF-IFE will do it all: stabilizing energy prices at earlier levels with the greenest of all energy sources.
Size is the key. The world energy system...
The Spallation Neutron Source at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory is driven by a linear accelerator that is currently undergoing an upgrade to 2.8 MW proton beam power with 1.3 GeV proton energy. Besides powering the First Target Station, which is in operation since 2006, the accelerator will provide 700 kW of proton beam power to the Second Target Station (STS), which is currently in the...
Despite the tremendous development of oncology, castration-resistant prostate cancer remains a debilitating malignancy. One of the most promising approaches to address this issue is to exploit the advancements of nanomedicine in combination with well-established nuclear medicine and radiotherapy. Following this idea, we have developed the radioisotope nanocarrier platform of...
Since the introduction of particle accelerators in 1984, primarily employed in radiation therapy, industry, and security, Thailand has progressively utilized the advantages of accelerator technologies across various applications, expanding to agriculture, scientific research, and transportation. Notably, the “Siam Photon Source (SPS)”, a 1.2 GeV synchrotron light generator, was established in...
The Second Target Station (STS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory will be a 700 kW, 15 Hz pulsed spallation neutron source designed to provide the world’s highest brightness cold neutron beams to 18 beamlines. In order to produce the required neutron beam performance, two compact liquid hydrogen moderators are located above and below the tungsten spallation target within the Moderator...
The Second Target Station (STS) is currently under preliminary design at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). STS will significantly expand the existing capabilities of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at ORNL by constructing a second target station that utilizes the existing SNS accelerator and provides a world leading source of cold (long wavelength) neutrons. The Target System design...
Global concerns over plastic waste management have grown due to its negative impacts on aquatic and terrestrial environments. Despite their wide use, conventional plastic waste recycling methods such as chemical and mechanical recycling have limited efficiency. Radiation technologies, particularly gamma irradiation and Electron Beam (EB), offer promising plastic waste recycling alternatives by...
Nowadays, air-pollution-derived fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is fully acknowledged to be a major public health problem. PM2.5 generally corresponds to a very complex and heterogeneous mixture of both inorganic (e.g. metals, ions) and organic (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: PAH) chemicals, and biological components (e.g. pollen, fungi). Beirut city is characterized by high transport...
Losartan (LOS) is among the most widely prescribed antihypertensive drugs worldwide, and methocarbamol (MET) is a commonly utilized analgesic in recent years. These pharmaceuticals are considered emerging contaminants, posing risks to the environment and aquatic ecosystems. Traditional wastewater treatment technologies currently face challenges in adequately eliminating these substances. In...
Sterilization by electron beam irradiation offers significant advantages. In the present work, the effect of e-beam on the physicochemical properties of honey was studied. Four commercially available honey samples were irradiated with the beams of 3.5MeV electrons at dose rate 10, 20, 30, and 40 kGy using the linear pulse acceleratorat Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), India....
Cooper-67 ($^{67}$Cu) is becoming a trend radioisotope due to its theranostic applications. $^{67}$Cu has a half-life of around 2.58 days and a simultaneous emission of β$^-$ radiation and γ-rays. That trait makes this radionuclide useful for therapy and for diagnostic imaging through the SPECT-CT technique. As the scientific community look for adequate and efficient production routes, the...
The term "resource recovery facility" has replaced traditional wastewater treatment plants, reflecting the contemporary emphasis on circular economies where the recovery and recycling of water, nutrients, and energy take precedence. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is commonly employed in these facilities to manage wastewater solids or sludges. This process relies on anaerobic microorganisms to...
This work investigates the characteristics and properties of spallation targets in ADS (Accelerator Driven System). The aim is to obtain a high neutron flux with a hardened neutron spectrum for transuranic transmutation in a hybrid fission ADS system. The proposed system uses a proton source (a particle accelerator) with energies between 0.3 and 1.6 GeV, focusing on different high-density...
Artisanal mining is a growing segment of the mining industry in certain parts of the world. Workers are often not equipped with protective safety gear and are exposed to mining pollutants that can hurt the health and well-being of workers. As occupational biomonitoring studies within the mining industry of countries such as Sudan are limited, this study aimed to explore the utility of a...
Polymers are extensively used in medical devices. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a hydrophilic polymer, is one of the polymers used for various biomedical applications. The simple chemical structure and high hydroxyl group contents provide PVA-based materials with many desired properties. Various factors control the mechanical and electrical properties of PVA to produce a PVA-based material with...
Introduction:
Nepal is a landlocked country around thirty million inhabitants. For decades, Cobalt-60 machines have been the workhorses of radiotherapy in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Nepal. Their affordability, relative ease of use, and lower maintenance needs made them the go-to technology for providing essential cancer treatment. In recent years, the field of medical...
Fusion holds great promise as a clean and abundant energy source. However, traditional thermonuclear fusion encounters significant challenges due to the extreme temperatures required to overcome the coulomb barrier for two nuclei to fuse. In contrast, muon-catalyzed fusion presents an alternative approach that can surmount this barrier at significantly lower temperatures. Muons, with...
Muography has been an interesting experimental detection method for thick and dense materials, which typically eluded other forms of radiation detection, such as electron and gamma radiography. The applications of Muography ranges from observations of volcanic and pyramid structures to underground GPS function, border security control, cybersecurity of cosmic transmissions, etc. It can be seen...
The Nuclear Regulatory Authority of Argentina (ARN), through the ‘Class I Particle Accelerators Control Department’, develops the regulatory tasks associated to the radiation protection of Class I Accelerator facilities. The group of facilities under control includes from R&D linear accelerator facilities to radiopharmaceutical production facilities with cyclotron. Furthermore, the Department...
Natural radioactivity is extensively existing in the earth’s natural environment because it is composed of the cosmogonic and primordial radionuclides, hence it is commonly occurring in different ecological, geological as well as environmental formations like, rocks, soils, sand, plants, water, and air. There are several other industries such as Coal fired power plants, Phosphate fertilizer...
The proposed theme of this research focuses on studying, developing and nationalizing an automated system scanning the Dynamtron ® DC1500/25/4 electron beam accelerator with energy of 1.5 MeV , beam current of 25 mA and beam scanning of 60 to 120 cm , with a total power of 150 kW, installed at Ipen-CNEN /SP in 1978 and since then used in radiosterilization, disinfestation , treatment of...
The polymeric materials are extensively being employed for the various applications such as health care, storage, packaging materials for the foods, beverages, and saline etc. The most commonly used polymer in these applications are polyethylene terephthalate (PET) silicone rubber, polyurethane, due to their flexibility, low cost, biocompatible nature and other properties. However, these...
The demand for high-power proton beams has steadily increased over the past few decades, with applications ranging from spallation neutron sources to accelerator-driven subcritical reactors. Driven by this remarkable momentum, significant technological developments have been achieved, and several machines are now capable or in the process of delivering beams in the MW range.
In this paper...
Achieving high accelerating gradient and the benefit of compactness, improved transport, and high brightness beams is limited by the onset of rf induced breakdown and reduced rf to beam efficiency. The operation of normal conducting accelerators at cryogenic temperatures provides a pathway to addressing both of these principle challenges by increasing material strength, reducing susceptibility...
The IFMIF-DONES Facility will be a first-class scientific infrastructure situated in Granada, Spain. It will comprise an accelerator-driven neutron source capable of delivering ~1e17 n/s with a broad peak at 14 MeV. The neutron source will be generated by impinging a continuous wave 125 mA, 40 MeV deuteron beam into a liquid Li jet target, circulating at 15 m/s and evacuating the 5 MW power of...
The SPES project (Selective Production of Exotic Species) at LNL (Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro) aims at the realization of an accelerator facility for research in the fields of Fundamental Physics and Interdisciplinary Physics with a major part dedicated to Research and Development of innovative radioisotopes for medical diagnostics and therapies. The status of the project will be given...
Accelerator-driven subcritical systems (ADS) represent an advantageous option for the transmutation, volume reduction, and safe disposal of nuclear waste. Neutron spallation sources for Accelerator Driven Systems, commonly known as ADS Targets, must at the same time feature high performances from a neutronics point of view and function reliably and safely, especially in the current scenario...
Niobium-tin has been identified as the most promising next-generation superconducting material for accelerator cavities. This is due to the higher critical temperature (Tc = 18 K) of Nb3Sn compared to niobium (TC = 9.2 K), which leads to greatly reduced RF losses in the cavity during 4.5 K operation. This allows two important changes during cavity and cryomodule design. First, the higher Tc...
Many interesting radionuclides are produced as byproducts of routine operations at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams. In the coming years, the facility will install a water filled beam dump that will accumulate many of the byproduct radionuclides in a form that can be readily "harvested" for use in other applications. In preparation, a direct connection between the beam dump and a new bank...
The Second Target Station (STS) project is an expansion to the existing Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) in Oak Ridge, TN. The project is currently in the preliminary design phase. STS seeks to provide world leading peak cold neutron brightness to a suite of new instruments, eight of which are included in the project scope. SNS is currently in the final stages of the Proton Power Upgrade...
The Ion Beam Center (IBC) at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) is a unique user facility with decades of experience in materials research using ion beams of nearly all stable elements in a wide energy range from some eV up to 60 MeV. The IBC operates several electrostatic ion accelerators, ion implanters, low energy, highly charged, and fine-focused ion beam systems. The IBC...
The Proton Power Upgrade (PPU) project at Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is progressing well towards completion in 2024, when it is to deliver a 2MW 1.3 GeV proton beam at 60 Hz repetition rate to the SNS first target station (FTS). It thus imposes a further challenge to the engineering design of the mercury target to mitigate increased cavitation and high-cycle fatigue damage from ~45% more...
A production-scale radioisotope separator line based on a prototype design is under development at the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR). Several years back, the separator line was contemplated and built to enhance the specific activity of a radiopharmaceutical compound involving Sm-153. The purpose remains to improve the specific activity of particular radioisotopes, especially...
New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (NMT), Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and Idaho State University (ISU) have launched a collaboration that is focused on research and education in isotope production and related science and technology of measurements, simulations, separations and applications, with an emphasis on the education of undergraduate and graduate students in this area. ...
Global attention is increasingly focused on the challenges of environmental damage and the depletion of natural resources. Factors such as population growth, rising living standards, rapid urbanisation, and intensified industrial activities have collectively contributed to a significant increase in water pollution.
Radiation technologies have emerged as powerful tools in industry,...
Several beam intercepting devices (BID) are used in particle accelerators for different functions: machine protection (stopping the beam in accidental scenarios), human safety, beam conditioning (e.g. collimators, scrapers, slits), secondary beam production (targets) and absorbers (beam dumps).
Since these devices are found in accelerators with a broad range of beam energies and particle...
The National Nuclear Security Administration’s (NNSA), in partnership with commercial entities and the US national laboratories, is working to accelerate the establishment of a reliable domestic supply of Mo-99 for nuclear medicine while also minimizing the civilian use of HEU. One of the potential technologies is utilizing the photonuclear reaction in an enriched Mo-100 target to produce...
Since May 2022, the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) has been delivering various heavy ions ranging from oxygen to uranium on target with energy up to 300 MeV/u for user operation. The primary beam power has been steadily raised from 1 to 10 kW with a successful demonstration of multi-charge simultaneous acceleration after a stripper. Over the next five years, an incremental ramp-up to...
The Electron Beam Research Facility, where most of the studies reported today were conducted, is located at the Miami-Dade Virginia Key Wastewater Treatment Plant, Miami, Florida. It was a High Voltage Engineering, 1.5 MeV Insulated Core Transformer (ICT), 50 mA horizontal-beam accelerator. Originally designed to treat wastewater biosolids (sludge) prior to land application, it had two...
Measurements and analysis of photonuclear cross sections are essential to a more fundamental understanding of nuclear-electromagnetic interactions and structure. Such research also contributes to the fields of radioisotope production, forensics, astrophysics, and medical imaging and therapy. To investigate this, bremsstrahlung photons are produced via an electron linear accelerator and impinge...
We have developed a novel Magnesium Oxide based ceramic material which embraces a small amount of conductivity to prevent charging while maintaining extremely low loss tangent over a large frequency range. Both waveguide and coaxial types of CW RF windows using this conductive ceramic material were developed and tested. We will report technical details.
The high temperatures and reactive radicals generated during irradiation by electron beam can degrade or remove challenging contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Reductions in hydrocarbon concentrations of up to 98.4% were observed for field soils using a 10 MeV, 18 kW accelerator; hydrocarbons of all weights were reduced, suggesting both...
Globally, there is an urgent need to develop effective vaccine technologies to address the ever-increasing problems of emerging, multi-drug-resistant pathogens. Identifying vaccine development technologies that are rapid, cost effective, environmentally friendly, and able to impart broad-spectrum protection, and lasting immunity is a great challenge. Ionizing radiation is a versatile...
Since the invention of the klystron over 75 years ago, the demand for new high-power devices has persisted. What has changed is the importance of the efficiency of the products as laboratories strive for environmentally considerate operation. CPI has collaborated with scientific institutions around the globe to address this demand. Based in Palo Alto California, the CPI Microwave Power...
The polymeric materials are extensively being employed for the various applications such as health care, storage, packaging materials for the foods, beverages, and saline etc. The most commonly used polymer in these applications are polyethylene terephthalate (PET) silicone rubber, polyurethane, due to their flexibility, low cost, biocompatible nature and other properties. However, these...
High-Entropy Alloys and Electrospun Nanofiber materials are two classes of novel materials that can offer improved resistance to beam-induced radiation damage and thermal shock. Research to develop these new materials specifically for multi-megawatt accelerator target applications, such as beam windows and particle-production targets, are ongoing at Fermilab within the scope of a DOE Early...
The replacement of radioactive sources with alternative technologies has been identified as a priority by international authorities, due to the risk of accidents and diversion by terrorists for use in Radiological Dispersal Devices. Many of these sources can be replaced with the X-rays produced by electron beams accelerated to MeV energies. However, the size, weight, and costs of electron...
Conventional therapy to treat cancer is through surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and immunotherapy with 2/3 of cancer patients receiving radiation therapy during the course of their treatment. Conventional radiation therapy with X-ray, protons and ions increases the therapeutic index by creating a physical dose differential between tumors and normal tissues through precision dose...
For many years the inspection of parts and components by x-ray has been used in industrial applications, particularly to verify the integrity of safety critical items and to support product development. Today, the increasing use of high density “exotic” materials in complex structures made possible by additive manufacturing techniques requires the use of high-energy x-ray to fully penetrate...
The Weapons Neutron Research (WNR) facility at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) has set a long-term objective to enhance Target 4. This target facilitates six distinct flight paths (FP), each with specific beam delivery requirements. Historically, the as-designed MCNP geometry model has been employed. However, to guarantee precise beam delivery to all FPs, there is an emerging...
The Bern medical cyclotron laboratory is based on a 18 MeV proton cyclotron equipped with a specifically conceived 6 m long research beam line, terminated in a separate bunker. This particular configuration is designed for industrial Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radioisotope production as well as for multi-disciplinary scientific activities. A research program is ongoing encompassing...
Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s (ORNL) Second Target Station (STS) is designed to become the world’s highest peak-brightness spallation source of cold neutrons. Exceptionally bright cold neutron beams will provide transformative capabilities to examine novel materials for advanced technologies in the decades to come. Bright beams will enable new neutron scattering experiments using innovative...
The development of compact femtosecond MeV photon sources with controlled energy spread will enable powerful new modalities for active interrogation. One technique, so-called Gamma-ray LiDAR, has potential to produce a one-sided 3D image by studying the time of flight of backscattered gammas fired at a target under study. Previous experiments, including at the Idaho National Laboratory and the...
Progress in cancer therapy with ions heavier than protons, i.e., notably helium and carbon, but also as heavy as oxygen and neon, requires research and development capability preferably in a broad user environment. Heavy ion therapy offers significant advantages in the treatment of many types of cancer compared to protons and, even more so, to conventional radiotherapy with high energy x-rays...
The Second Target Station (STS) project is progressing through the preliminary design phase with a driving goal of creating the world's brightest neutron source. To achieve this, the spallation target must accept focused proton pulses with high energy (1.3 GeV/proton), high power (700 kW), and high rate (15 Hz) over a design life of 10 years with high availability. Testing resources are...
Developing methods to non-destructively determine the elemental composition of bulk materials is important in a broad range of contexts, including food and agriculture, coal and minerals processing, contraband detection, and nuclear regulation [1,2]. Neutron-based techniques are advantageous as neutrons are highly penetrating, sensitive to low mass nuclei and produce characteristic secondary...
Existing magnetrons, primarily employed for investigating control methods and lifespan enhancements in superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) accelerators, were originally designed for diverse applications such as kitchen microwave ovens (1kW, 2.45 GHz) or industrial heating (100 kW, 915 MHz). Our paper describes our collaboration with Richardson Electronics LLC (RELL), focusing on the...
Hair remains an invaluable biological screening material due to its numerous advantages over urine, blood, and other biological screening materials. Its intricate physico-chemical properties provide a wealth of insights into a person’s diet, origin, and even health. Its ability to store chronological exposure to xenobiotics for application in forensic toxicology and drug abuse studies, its...
The McLaren Proton Therapy Center functions as a clinically active, multi-room cancer treatment center. Beam size, position, and current measurements along the transfer lines are being utilized together with simulations to validate computer models for the Center’s transfer lines and associated beam parameters. BPM data collected along the beam lines provide detailed beam measurements. A...
The Texas A&M Cyclotron Institute operates two cyclotrons, a K150 cyclotron and a K500 superconducting cyclotron. Both cyclotrons were constructed and operated for decades for discovery science. However, the Cyclotron Institute has expanded its benefit to society by also providing beams for testing the effects of radiation on electronic systems and for production of medically relevant...
TRIUMF has a long history of medical isotope production. For more than 40 years, the Life Sciences Division at TRIUMF has produced isotopes for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for the local hospitals. Recently, the division has taken on the challenge to expand the facility's isotope repertoire to therapeutic from diagnostic isotopes, allowing thera-nostic isotope combinations. We utilize...
Analyzing cultural heritage objects has become crucial for their conservation, restoration, dating, and authentication. These objects' complexity and artistic and historical value pose significant challenges for scientific analysis. To address this, minimally invasive and nondestructive analytical procedures are indispensable. Employing accelerator-based techniques in synergy with methods like...
Abstracts for the AccelApp 2024 meeting will be assembled into an electronic booklet. Abstracts will need to be uploaded, as a Word file, to the conference website https://indico.jlab.org/event/722/abstracts/. LaTeX files will not be accepted. Abstracts must adhere to this Word template. This template provides a three-line header as shown above, a boldface title, and a comma-separated list of...
