An important tool in studying the sub-femtoscale spacetime structure of matter in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions is Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) intensity interferometry of identical particles in the final state of such collisions. We propose that a variant of the entanglement enabled intensity interferometry (E2I2) framework introduced by Cotler and Wilczek can provide a powerful alter-...
In recent years, Low’s soft theorem up to sub-leading order has garnered renewed interest due to its deep connection with asymptotic symmetries. In this talk, I will demonstrate that, in the small x limit, Low’s soft theorem can be derived from a quasi-classical field approach by solving classical Yang-Mills equations up to sub-eikonal order. Furthermore, I will discuss how gluon saturation...
The Color Glass Condensate (CGC) effective theory and the collinear factorization at high-twist (HT) are two well-known frameworks describing perturbative QCD multiple scatterings in nuclear media. It has long been recognized that these two formalisms have their own domain of validity in different kinematics regions. In this work, we argue that a consistent matching between both frameworks, in...
Since baryon is a composite particle, one may wonder which degrees of freedom are carrying the conserved charges, including the baryon number. A baryon junction, that arises naturally in a gauge-invariant description of the baryon wavefunction, is a perfect candidate to associate the baryon number with. In this talk I will discuss various possibilities to test the flow of baryon number...
We discuss exclusive $\phi$-meson electroproduction off the proton near threshold within the GPD factorization framework.
We propose the "threshold approximation" in which only the leading term of the
conformal partial wave expansion of the process amplitudes
is kept in both the quark and gluon exchange channels.
We test the validity of this approximation to next-to-leading order in QCD...
Azimuthal modulations are crucial in the phenomenological extraction and separation of various generalized parton distributions (GPDs). Traditionally, GPDs could be extracted from angular modulations of the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) in the Breit frame. However, the Bethe-Heitler subprocess (BH) interferes with the DVCS and contaminates the azimuthal modulations from DVCS, making...
We analyze the thermalization of jets in QED2 in detail. In particular, we identify the emergence of an effective temperature. Moreover, we compute the quasiparton distributions of the lightest meson in massive QED2. For increasing rapidity, we compute the spatial quasiparton distribution functions and amplitude for the lowest excited state numerically both at strong and weak coupling and...
Hadron matrix elements of the QCD energy-momentum tensor are expressed by the gravitational form factors. The gravitational form factors are related to a particular moment of the GPDs, and are relevant to EIC physics. The forward (zero momentum transfer) values of the gravitational form factors allow for a decomposition of the hadron mass into the contributions from quarks and gluons, and the...
Starting from the Weinberg formalism for fields of arbitrary spin, we discuss a method for the decomposition of matrix elements of QCD operators (local currents, quark/gluon bilinears) for targets with arbitrary spin. This procedure is advantageous for the systematic study of the structure of hadrons and nuclei, particularly in the case of spin-dependent observables. As higher spin targets...
A new global QCD analysis by the JAM collaboration performs the first extraction of transversity PDFs and tensor charges using both the Transverse Momentum Distribution (TMD) and Dihadron Fragmentation Function (DiFF) channels simultaneously, including all currently available experimental data. Known theoretical constraints on transversity, namely, its small-$x$ asymptotic behavior and the...
We investigate the quark transversity parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the nucleon within the framework of a covariant and confining Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. The nucleon bound state is obtained by solving the Faddeev equation in the quark–diquark approximation. The parameters of the model are fitted to the well-known experimentally measurable quantities such as the proton mass,...
Unveiling chiral-odd dimeson generalized distribution amplitudes
S. Bhattacharya, R. Boussarie, B. Pire, L. Szymanowski
Chiral-odd generalized distribution amplitudes which are the crossed matrix elements from chiral-odd quark GPDs in a meson contain valuable information on the transversity (or tensor) structure of mesons.
They are up to now inaccessible to experimental investigation. We...
Hadronization processes, how particular hadrons are formed from scattered quarks and gluons (partons), is a key area of study in high- energy physics. The Belle II experiment at the asymmetric e+e- collider SuperKEKB offers a high-statistics, clean initial state to extract and refine our understanding of hadronization, including Fragmentation Functions (FFs), which describe the probability...
We investigate the off-shell pion electromagnetic
form factors using phenomenological relativistic
constituent quark models. These models, which treat the
pion as a composite of massive, structureless quarks,
employ the Mandelstam approach to calculate the
microscopic form factors. Each model is parameterized by
two scale parameters fitted to the pion decay constant and...
We introduce the ``target jet" in the forward region of the ion in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) events with a jet radius which depends on the DIS kinematics in order to separate the current and target regions in the laboratory frame. We show that target jet substructure and its correlation with the substructure of the leading jet is sensitive to the internal structure of nucleon and ion,...
I will discuss low-energy nuclear physics at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven. By comparing the standard theory of electron-nucleus scattering with the equivalent photon method applied to Ultraperipheral Collisions (UPC) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. In the limit of extremely high beam energies and small energy transfers, very transparent equations emerge. We...
In this talk I will review the lattice QCD calculation of TMD physics and its impact on the experiments at the future Electron-Ion Collider. I will discuss the theory development centering around the large-momentum effective theory (LaMET) and the newly proposed Coulomb-gauge correlation functions within this framework. Besides, I will review the systematic lattice calculation of the...
The study of the nucleon's 3-D momentum and spin structure emerged from studies of both leading power (LP) and next-to-leading power (NLP) contributions to SIDIS observables. Although typically suppressed by $\Lambda_{\tiny QCD}/Q$, an understanding of the NLP TMD observables is essential for accurately describing SIDIS, and for properly extracting LP effects from SIDIS data. A key NLP...
Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) is a core physics program at the future Electron-Ion Collider. Precision measurements with the ePIC detector at the EIC will elucidate the polarized and unpolarized quark-gluon structure of the nucleons and nuclei with an unparalleled combination of kinematic reach, phase space, and precision. The ability of the EIC to accelerate a wide range...
The deuteron electro-disintegration $D(e,e'p)n$ experiment aims to measure D(e,e'p)n cross sections at high $Q^2$, $x_{Bj} > 1$, and missing momenta $p_m>600$ MeV/c with great statistical precision. To obtain a greater understanding of the strong nuclear force, we must probe the nucleus at sub-fermi distances where the nucleons overlap. In this region, the nucleon-nucleon (NN) potential is...
We propose a novel method to probe light-quark dipole moments by examining the azimuthal asymmetries between a collinear pair of hadrons in semi-inclusive deep inelastic lepton scattering off an unpolarized proton target at the Electron-Ion Collider. These asymmetries provide a means to observe transversely polarized quarks, which arise exclusively from the interference between the dipole and...
We calculate the elastic production of dijets from electron collisions with a longitudinally polarized proton target at small values of the Bjorken $x$ variable. Building on the pioneering proposals of [1-3] for measuring the quark and gluon orbital angular momentum (OAM) distributions, our focus is on both the longitudinal double spin asymmetry (DSA) and longitudinal single spin asymmetry...
We present a comprehensive study of the electromagnetic form factors (EMFFs) of the pion and kaon, as well as the generalized parton distributions (GPDs) of the pion, using lattice QCD. For the form factors, we compute the pion and kaon EMFFs at high momentum transfers, $-t$, up to 10 and 28 GeV$^2$, respectively, achieving good agreement with experimental results up to $-t$ $\lesssim$ 4...
Particle collider experiments are generally driven by the attempt to discover new particles and perform exact measurements of physical phenomena. The main purpose of those experiments is to find out the discrepancies from the current theoretical measurable properties of matters. Traditionally, photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) have been extensively used to detect scintillation light in particle...
We investigate the impact of future measurements at the electron-ion collider (EIC) and Jefferson Lab (JLab) on the nucleon's transversity distributions and tensor charges, focusing on dihadron production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering.
For this study, we use EIC pseudo-data for a proton target, as well as JLab (CLAS and SoLID) pseudo-data for proton, deuteron, and $^3$He...
Incoherent DVCS on a Deuteron target provide a way to extract Compton form factors of the neutron. Compton form factors are a convolution of a hard kernel with GPDs. The neutron GPDs provide quark flavor separation in GPDs. In modeling unpolarized incoherent DVCS on Deuteron we use a lightfront wavefunction to factorize nuclear and nucleonic structure in DVCS. In addition to DVCS amplitude,...
One of the major goals of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is to better understand nuclear structure at high energy. A principal measurement is coherent exclusive vector meson (VM) production in diffractive e + A collisions. The gluon spatial distribution inside the nucleus can be obtained through a Fourier transform of the nuclear momentum transfer (|t|) distribution for these vector mesons....
Recently, a novel approach has been suggested to compute parton distributions through the use of boosted correlators fixed in the Coulomb gauge from lattice QCD, within the framework of Large-Momentum Effective Theory (LaMET). This approach circumvents the need for Wilson lines, potentially enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of lattice QCD calculations significantly. In this study, we...
Abstract. The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) uses mainly the Empirical Parametrized cross-section (EPAX) formula and GEANT4 Monte Carlo tool to model experimental setups or to predict the production of rare isotopes via fragmentation process. GEANT4 is a prime tool in the simulation of the interaction between particle and matter and EPAX, is a powerful formula to calculate the...
Proton anti-proton production has been used to search for possible intermediate systems in various experiments.
Evidence for a potential narrow resonance in the $p\bar{p}$ system is scarce, while there is no evidence for
a wide resonance in the $p\bar{p}$ system in either photoproduction or electroproduction. Previous high statistic
photoproduction analyses have focused on the extraction...
We present new parton distribution functions (PDFs) at next-to-leading order (NLO) and
next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in perturbative QCD, derived from a comprehensive global QCD analysis
of high-precision data sets from combined HERA deep-inelastic scattering (DIS),
the Tevatron, and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). To improve constraints on quark
flavor separation, we...
Understanding the transverse momentum-dependent distributions (TMDs) in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) is essential to explore the three-dimensional nucleon structure.
In this presentation, we discuss extending this framework into the nuclear domain, where TMDs enable investigating of nuclear effects.
This study explores the modifications induced by nuclear medium on SIDIS...
In this talk, I will present two approaches for extracting the total gluon helicity contribution to proton spin from lattice QCD, one from local operator matrix elements in a fixed gauge accessible on lattice with feasible renormalization, and the other from gauge-invariant nonlocal gluon correlators. Neither of these approaches requires a matching procedure when converted to the MS scheme....
Two key objectives of the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) are to explore the 3D structure of hadrons—via Transverse Momentum Dependent distributions (TMDs) and Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs)—and to understand gluon saturation at small-x, as described by the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) effective field theory. This talk focuses on observables that bridge these complementary goals of...
The chiral anomaly in polarized deeply inelastic scattering manifests itself as an infrared pole of the box diagram in exact off-forward kinematics. The mechanism of the pole regularization is extremely subtle. I will show that such mechanism in QCD is fundamentally different from QED where the anomaly pole vanishes for finite lepton mass. Instead in QCD the mechanism has to do with the...
There have been rapid developments in the direct calculation in lattice QCD (LQCD) of the Bjorken-x dependence of hadron structure through large-momentum effective theory (LaMET) and other similar effective approaches. These methods overcome the previous limitation of LQCD to moments (that is, integrals over Bjorken-x) of hadron structure, allowing LQCD to directly provide the kinematic...
Generalized parton distributions (GPDs) are functions of four variables, one of which is a renormalization scale. The functional dependence on this renormalization scale is fully determined by a renormalization group equation---or "evolution equation"---that can be derived from perturbative QCD. A fast numerical implementation of the scale evolution is vital to any global phenomenology effort....
We discuss the current status of the extraction of nuclear Parton Distribution Functions (nPDFs) and highlight the opportunities that experimental measurements at the EIC can provide. Specifically, we focus on recent improvements and challenges on the determination of the nuclear Strange and Gluon distributions, the flavor separation and the dependence on the nuclear mass number $A$. Each of...
Central goals of nuclear physics are to understand the spatial structure of the proton, as well as the mechanisms that generate its mass and spin distributions, emerging from quark and gluon interactions via the strong force in QCD. Vast resources have been committed to experimental facilities - foremost the upgraded 12 GeV Jefferson Lab accelerator and the planned Electron-Ion Collider (EIC)...
Having more than one detector is essential for independent cross checks of results and confirmation of discoveries. This was recognized as a guiding principle in the past, and will be of particular importance for the EIC, which will be a unique facility worldwide. Experience from HERA also shows that if the two detectors are not too different, data can be combined, reducing the overall...
In recent years, a number of studies have explored the potential of jet observables to contribute to various aspects of the scientific mission at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) and have led to the recognition that jets will play an important role at the EIC. This talk will provide an overview of jet measurements at the EIC, highlighting the ways they both complement more traditional...
I will present a series of studies carried out by PDF groups on the impact of EIC pseudodata in constraining collinear PDFs at up to approximate N3LO in QCD. This will include the influence of inclusive EIC DIS neutral and charged current electron-proton data on the HERAPDF and MSHT global PDF determinations, as well as deuteron and positron data on CT global PDFs. For all cases studied,...
Exclusive C = +1 quarkonium production in high-energy electron-proton
scattering requires a C-odd t-channel exchange of a photon or three
gluons, i.e. the perturbative Odderon. The relative phase of the amplitudes
is determined by the sign of the light-front matrix element of the
eikonal color current operator $d^{abc} J^{+a} J^{+b} J^{+c}$. This is
non-vanishing only in the presence of...
In this talk, we will discuss the synergies between the physics results and prospects of ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions (UPC) at the LHC and those at the Electron Ion Collider (EIC). We will emphasize studies of gluon saturation and low-x physics, highlighting the connections and complementarities enabled by future LHC detector upgrades. Finally, we will discuss some of the experimental...
