Speaker
Description
Particle collider experiments are generally driven by the attempt to discover new particles and perform exact measurements of physical phenomena. The main purpose of those experiments is to find out the discrepancies from the current theoretical measurable properties of matters. Traditionally, photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) have been extensively used to detect scintillation light in particle collider experiments. In recent years, silicon detectors have gained interest as radiation detectors in particle, nuclear, and atomic physics. One of the important applications is in particle collider experiments for their high-energy resolution and excellent signal-to-noise ratio, even with thin designs and precise particle tracking enabled by micro-patterning for unmatched spatial resolution. silicon photomultipliers, an array of single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) based silicon detectors have become preferable as a solid-state alternative to PMTs due to their invulnerability to magnetic fields, compactness, low operating voltage, robustness, and lower cost. Furthermore, SPADs implemented in a standard CMOS process, as opposed to a dedicated optical process, allow the optical sensor to be coupled on the same chip with the readout electronics. This results in a compact, low-cost, and low-bias voltage SiPM detector. However, SiPMs tend to rapidly degrade in high irradiation environments, making them unsuitable for some collider experiments, particularly given the trend towards higher luminosities and therefore higher irradiation levels. One of the major challenges of SiPM in such high-radiation environments is their noise performance. This idea involves integrating innovative perimeter field gates into SPADs within commercial CMOS processes to create perimeter-gated SPADs. Preliminary work has shown that the field modulating gate reduces the noise (dark count) of regular SPADs and SPAD-based SiPM detectors. The proposed high-performance SPADs show great potential for future particle collision experiments.
