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Since the invention of the klystron over 75 years ago, the demand for new high-power devices has persisted. What has changed is the importance of the efficiency of the products as laboratories strive for environmentally considerate operation. CPI has collaborated with scientific institutions around the globe to address this demand. Based in Palo Alto California, the CPI Microwave Power Products Division’s engineering team has recently produced new klystrons at 402.5 MHz, 704 MHz, 2.998 GHz, 9.3 GHz, and 12 GHz.
Recent requirements for Inverse Compton Scattering systems in a compact format have been a driving force in improving the efficiency of klystrons. The engineering team has endeavored to improve the efficiency of the klystrons and has focused on 12 GHz as the test item. The efficiency of the SLAC XL4 and XL5 klystrons that CPI is licensed to build are approximately 40%. These 50 MW peak power devices operate with a beam power of 120-130 MW. The average power is 18-20 kW. Working with partners at CERN CPI has considered the Bunch Align Compress (BAC), Core Oscillation Method (COM), and Core Stabilization Method (CSM) as techniques to boost efficiency and is pursuing an improved design targeting an efficiency above 55%. CPI has used particle in cell codes to craft a design that achieves this efficiency goal and is in the process of manufacturing a prototype for use at INFN, Frascati, Italy. CPI is also working on a 25 MW high efficiency klystron at 12 GHz that is anticipated to achieve similar high efficiency. Results for both new designs are expected in 2024.
