Relativistic ion collisions quickly form a droplet of quark–gluon plasma (QGP) with a remarkably small viscosity. This smallest and hottest fluid on earth can only be understood by studying a multitude of physical stages, including a far-from-equilibrium colliding stage, a stage described by viscous relativistic hydrodynamics and as a gas of hadrons that can finally be detected by experiments...
We will address various aspects of the very rich chiral and partonic structure of strongly interacting systems such as the nucleon. One example are the (generalized) polarizabilities of the nucleon, which are largely governed by chiral dynamics. As far as the partonic structure of the nucleon is concerned, we will cover the non-trivial universality of transverse-momentum dependent...
The talk will review the recent series of Hall A experiments at Jefferson Lab to measure the elastic electric and magnetic form factors of the proton and neutron to a large $Q^2$ which would doubled or tripled the $Q^2$ range of previous precision measurements. Two large acceptance spectrometers were used so that the form factors could be measured with high precision. From 2021 to 2024, the...
Mapping the 3D structure of the proton in terms of its spinning quark and gluon constituents is one of the main goals in current hadronic physics. Generalized parton distributions can provide part of the solution, through Fourier transformation of the single particle spatial density of quarks and gluons with a given longitudinal momentum fraction, x, while a fuller dynamical picture of the...
Strong highly boosted electromagnetic fields are equivalent to a flux of quasi-real photons, such as the fields created in ultrarelativistic heavy ion colliders like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The copious flux of photons allows, for the first time, detailed studies of high-energy photon-nucleus collisions which at the LHC can reach center of...
We have performed several global Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) analyses to provide information on the one-dimensional (1D) structure of the proton using the latest experimental data available. Among the mysteries that remain within the proton, we provide insight on the nonperturbative nature of the proton’s sea quarks, for both cases where the proton is unpolarized and longitudinally polarized....
